Umlando ka John Holloway

Umlando ka John Holloway

U John Holloway uyinculabuchopho eyikomanisi (communist
philosopher), umsebenzi wakhe uchazwa njengogxile emizabalazweni
yokuzimela kanye nenkululeko yabantu.

U Holloway wazalelwa eIreland wabamba iqhaza
emizabalazweni yaseNgilandi. Wayebhala ngemizabalazo yabasebenzi
bemboni yezimoto yakwa Nissan eSunderland ngo 1980. Njengamanje
usehlala eMexico lapho eyingxenye yomzabalazo wombutho odumile
okuthiwa ama Zapatista. Ngonyaka ka 2002 wabhala incwadi ethi Change
the World without Taking Power (ukushintsha izwe ngaphandle
kokuphatha umbuso). Lencwadi yaba nomthelela omkhulu ekulweni
nogombela kwesabo abayizikhondlakhondla zomnotho basemazweni
aseMelika nase Europe kumbandakanya nokubhikishela inhlangano
yezokuhweba yomhlaba (World Trade Organisation) eSeattle ngo
November ka 1999.

Umsebenzi kaHolloway ubambelele ephuzwini lokuthi
ingcindezelo iwumphumela wokuziphatha kongxiwankulu, namandla
emali esetshenziswa ukwenza abanothile banothe kakhulu nabampofu
babe mpofu kakhulu. Nakuba kucaca ukuthi abanye bethu imizabalazo
ayibhekene nje kuphela nokulwa nongxiwankulu kodwa singakucacisa
ukuthi ukulwa nongxiwankulu kusemqoka kakhulu. Uma sibuka Abahlali
basemjondolo siyathola ukuthi babelokhu bekuphawula ukuthi
ukubaluleka komhlaba akugxile ekusetshenzisweni kwawo imiphakathi
hayi inani ongathengiswa ngalo. Okunye esingakubuka umzabalazo
wabasebenzi basezimayini wokulwelwa amaholo angcono nokuphathwa
kwezimayini ngokuhlanganyela, lomzabalazo uyingxenye yokulwa
nongxiwankulu. Lamaphuzu asemqoka ukwenza sikhone ukuxoxisana
noHalloway.

U Holloway uhlezi egcizelela ukuthi umzabalazo uqala kubantu
basemazingeni emiphakathi njengoba besuke bephikisana nengcindezelo.
Lokhu kubonakala ngenkathi abantu bezabalazela ukuthola umhlaba,
amanzi kanye nogesi nangokuthi badle imihlaba bazixhumele bona ugesi
namanzi kokunye, baze benze imibhikisho ngokuvimba imigwaqo
nezinhlabaluhide. Indlela ababambisene ngayo ikhombisa ukunakekelana,
ukuhloniphana kanye nokungacwasani. U Holloway naye uyakuveza
ukuthi lendlela yokwenza iyo enomthelela wokukhulisa nokuqinisa
imizabalazo yokulwa nongxiwankulu. U Holloway uhlukile kwamanye
amashoshozela emizabalazo ngoba wona abuka imiphakathi njengabantu
abangazi lutho abafanelwe ukufundiswa ukuthi uyini umzabalazo.

La eNingizimu Afrika lokhu kubonakala ngokusobala uma kubhekwa
indlela izinhlangano ezisebenza nemiphakathi ezenza ngayo.
Lezinhlangano azilandeli okufunwa imiphakathi futhi azilaleli imibono
yemiphakathi kodwa zifuna imiphakathi yenze okufunwa yizo,
nezimfundiso zazo ngepolitiki zincika kwezikufunayo zona ziphikisane
nokufunwa imiphakathi. U Holloway uhlukile kakhulu kulokhu ngoba
yena ukholelwa ukuthi abantu bemiphakathi yibo abanamandla okwenza
uguquko ngoba imizabalazo yabo isukela empilweni yemihlangemihla,
lokhu okufanayo nokuhlezi kushiwo Abahlali mabekhuluma ngepolitiki
ephilayo.

U Holloway ubuye athi ingcindezelo ayiqhamuki nje kuphela
ohlangothini olulodwa. Uthi sonke siyizisulu zengcindezelo
kangangokuthi kwalaba abacindezelwe banendlela yokuqhubezela
phambili ingcindezelo. Ukholelwa ukuthi akusiko konke ukulwa
nengcindezelo okwenzeka ngendlela enesizotha nesithunzi nenkululeko.
Abahlali nabo bayavuma ukuthi kumele kubekhona ukwelashwa emoyeni
ngaphakathi kubantu abayingxenye yemizabalazo yemiphakathi ngoba
kuyavela ukuthi ulaka lwabantu lungaholela noma kwisiphi isimo,
senkululeko noma sobungozi. Abahlali babuye bakhombise ukuzimisela
ukulwa nezinkomba zengcindezelo ezivela ngaphakathi kumbutho. Lapha
siyabona futhi ukuxhumana kwemibono kaHalloway nowaBahlali.
Ukusebenzisana kuka Holloway namaZapatista kwaveza ukuthi
isithunzi sabantu, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokulwela
inkululeko kuyingxenye yomzabalazo. U Holloway uchaza ukulwela
isithunzi njengokuphikisana nokuhlanjalazwa nokwenziwa
umuntukazana. Siyazi ukuthi eNingizimu Afrika abantu bahlezi
begcizelela ukuthi ubuntu yibo obubenza baqale imizabalazo. Lendlela
yokuba yingxenye yomzabalazo igcizelela ukuthi wonke umuntu
uyalingana nokuthi isithunzi somuntu wonke sibalulekile nokuthi
inkululeko kuzofinyelelwa kuyo uma abantu abacindezelwe besebenza
ngokuhloniphana. Zikhona izinkomba zokuthi ezingxenyeni ezithile e
Ningizimu Afrika lokhu kuyenzeka.

U Holloway uveza iphuzu lamaZapatista ukucacisa kulokhu:
ukuhlupheka kwasihlanganisa sabamunye kwasenza sakhuluma,
futhi siyazi esikukhulumayo kuyiqiniso, asikhulumi nje kuphela
ngokuhlupheka kodwa nangethemba esinalo ezinhliziyweni
zethu. Sikhuluma noqobo lwethu sibuka imvelaphi yethu: obaba
bethu nobabamkhulu bethu babehlupheka bezabalaza, obaba
babegcwele intukuthelo, sabona ukuthi asiphucwanga yonke into,
kukhona okwasala okuyikho okusenza siphile sisukume siqine
namadolo, lokhu ISITHUNZI sethu,isithunzi sethu siyigugu kithi
sonke, senza sizizwe singabantu futhi, sizizwe sivuka kabusha
ezinhliziyweni zethu, sibizelwe esithunzini sethu, emzabalazweni.
Kulesiqephu nakuba kuyinkinga ukungaphawuli ngokulingana kobulili
neqhaza labesimame, lokhu kumele ngasosonke isikhathi kube umongo
wemizabalazo yenkululeko. Imizabalazo iphumeleliswa ukusebenza
ngokubambisana kuhlonishwe ubuntu nesithunzi somuntu wonke.
U Holloway uyaveza ukuthi emazweni amaningi izinhlangano
ebezilwela inkululeko ziyaye zithathe umbuso bese ziphatha ngendlela
efanayo nekade ziphikisana nayo. La eNingizimu Afrika sikwazi kahle
lokhu. Iqiniso ukuthi uhulumeni wobandlululo wanqotshwa kodwa
ukuxoshwa kwabantu ezindaweni, ukuvalelwa ezinkanjini, ukungabiwa
komhlaba ngokulingana, ukuxhashazwa emisebenzini nokucindezelwa
kwamashoshozela enkululeko kusayizinto ezenzekayo ezweni lakithi.
Ukuphuma kulolugibe uHolloway ululeka ngamacebo asetshenziswa
amaZapatista. Uthi amashoshozela emizabalazo kumele ayeke ukutshela
abantu ukuthi kumele benzeni kodwa wona kufanele afunde ukulalela
abantu. Uqhubeka athi amaZapatista awazange athathe umbuso ohlelwe
ngokwezinhlaka zababusi bengcindezelo kodwa azenzela ezawo izinhlelo
okuwukubusa ngokwabelana amandla. Lapha abacindezelwe bazihlela
bona ngendlela yezimiso zabo.

Umbono ka Holloway akusiko nje ukuthi umbuso uphatha
ngengcindezelo, uyavuma ukuthi kukhona ohulumeni abenza kangcono
nokuthi ukulwela uguquko kohulumeni kusemqoka kakhulu. Kodwa
uphawula umehluko phakathi kwepolitiki yenhlupheko nepolitiki
yesithunzi. Uthi ipolitiki yenhlupheko iholwa ongoti besebenzisa
ubuchwepheshe, imiphakathi ayilalelwa iyatshelwa ukuthi yenzeni
ngethemba lokuthi kuzobakhona ukulingana ngokwamalungelo. Kodwa
ipolitiki yesithunzi yakhelwe phezu kwesisekelo sokuhlonishwa
kwemibono yabantu bemiphakathi kanye nokuzikhandla kwabo. Lepolitiki
izibophezela ekwakhiweni kokulingana ngamalungelo.

La eNingizimu Afrika abantu sebeke bayingxenye yemikhankaso
efana ne, No Land, No House, No Vote, kanye nokuphikisana
kokungahlinzekwa ngengqalasizinda, kubhikishelwa amakhansela kanye
nezinhlangano zepolitiki. Kuyavela nokuthi kwezinye izikhathi abantu
besebengasakholelwa ekuqokeni abantu abazobamela kuhulumeni kodwa
bazakhele ezabo izinhlaka zobuholi. Abahlali basemjondolo bayaye
bazwakalise ukwesekana kwemiphakathi okugxile ekwenzisaneni,
ukuzabalazisana nasekubeni ndawonye hayi ukwenzela nokukhulumela
imiphakathi. Lokhu kuxhumana kakhulu nendlela uHolloway acabanga
ngayo ngemizabalazo.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi kunabathile abacabanga ukuthi banazo zonke
izimpendulo, inkinga nje ukuthi abalalelwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ubungoti
ngemizabalazo abuhlangani neqiniso ngendlela imizabalazo ehamba
ngayo. Amacebo namasu ngemizabalazo akhandwa phakathi
emzabalazweni, hayi ngaphandle kwemizabalazo, njengoba noMnu Sbu
Zikode waBahlali esho: “amacebo omzabalazo acatshangwa emgaqweni
sigijima”. Lendlela yokubuka umzabalazo ixhumana kakhulu nendlela
uHolloway abuka ngayo imizabalazo.