Umbutho we Industrial & Commercial Workers’ Union (I.C.U.)

Umbhali ngu: C.L.R. James (1936)
Umtoliki ngu: Bulelwa Mafu (2010)

uMzantsi Afrika uphawulwe ngodidi olutsha lwezopolitiko, aliphawulwanga ngodushe phakathi kwentlanga kwoda ngo qhanaqalazo lwabasebenzi. Ngaphezu kwe Sierra Leone ne Gambia, I South Africa ikwazile ukudibanisa intlanga ezahlukeneyo kwimizi yemveliso, emigodini nendlela abaqeshwe ngayo ibonakalisa ukuba ibasa kumbutho wabaphangeli. Kwaye kukho nefuthe lwe Russian Revolution. I African Communinsit Party yasekwa ngomnyaka ka 1924, kodwa yayisuka komnye umbutho owawusewusekiwe ngomnyaka ka1920. Yayisebenza ngokuxokisa uluntu olumnyama. Kodwa e Sierra leone nase Gambia abantu abafundileyo abamnyama bathetha kakhulu bengenzi nto ebonakalayo, kodwa uMzantsi Afrika wona uqhubela nezo zikhona zimbalwa kumlo. Iimfazwe ezidlulileyo nemeko zemali nopolitiko zango 1919 zaqalisa umbuthe we Industrial and Commercial Worker’s waseMzantsi Afrika. Continue reading →